Intention & Action

Research group

The Intention & Action group is focused on understanding the mechanisms supporting the integration of rules, percepts, and concepts into actions. 

We study how humans cognitively select and neurally implement actions designed to change the physical environment (instrumental actions) or to evoke mental states in other agents (communicative actions). Our working hypothesis is that both instrumental and communicative actions are selected and implemented according to perceptual-conceptual knowledge influencing sensorimotor processes at the earliest stages of movement planning. Empirically, we address these issues by studying both neurotypical and neurodivergent individuals, using non-invasive neurophysiological techniques (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magneto-Encephalography, Transcranial Brain Stimulation).

Highlights from our work on instrumental actions include the finding that planning and perceiving actions rely on a common predictive mechanism focused on the goal state of the action, grounded on the current physical configuration of the body. In the domain of communicative actions, we have shown that people communicate by jointly controlling an interaction-specific shared conceptual frame that allows them to make sense of the signals they exchange. Recently, we have also become interested in the control of emotional actions, thought as a problem of rapid response selection based on abstract rules that need to override predominant action tendencies. In this domain, we have show that people select emotionally-relevant behaviours while continuously controlling alternative unchosen options. 

Key grants and prizes

  • 2022 – 2027: Research grant from European Research Council – Advanced ERC program “Human communication as joint epistemic engineering”&Բ;
    (~2.5 m€ - main applicant: Ivan Toni)
  • 2021 – 2027: Research grant from NWO-STW “Neural and computational control mechanisms of social-emotional regulation”&Բ;
    (~750 k€ - main applicant: Ivan Toni)
  • 2017 – 2022: Research grant from Language in Interaction consortium, NWO “Creating a shared cognitive space: The use of language in interaction”&Բ;
    (~1.5 m€, project coordinator: Ivan Toni)
  • 2009 – 2014: Research grant from NWO-MAGW – VICI program “Raising glasses and pointing fingers: A neurocognitive account of communicative actions” (~1.3 m€ - main applicant: Ivan Toni)
  • 2003 – 2008: Research grant from NWO-MAGW - VIDI program ”Neural dynamics of movement representations”&Բ;
    (~600 k€ - main applicant: Ivan Toni)

Key publications

  • Koch SBJ, Tyborowska A, Niermann HCM, Cillessen AHN, Roelofs K, Bašnáková J, Toni I, Stolk A Integrating stereotypes and factual evidence in interpersonal communication. 
    Nature Science of Learning (2024).
  • Bramson B, Meijer S, van Nuland A, Toni I, Roelofs K 
    Anxious individuals shift emotion control from lateral frontal pole to dorsal prefrontal cortex. Nature Communication 14:4880 (2023)
  • Stolk A, Verhagen L, Toni I 
    Conceptual alignment: how brains achieve mutual understanding. 
    Trends in Cognitive Science 20:180-191 (2016)
  • Stolk A, Noordzij ML, Verhagen L, Volman IAC, Schoffelen JM, Oostenveld R, Hagoort P, Toni I. Cerebral coherence between communicators marks the emergence of meaning. 
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111:18183-18188 (2014)
  • Brinkman L, Stolk A, Dijkerman HC, de Lange FP, Toni I
    Distinct roles for alpha- and beta-band oscillations during mental simulation of goal-directed actions. The Journal of Neuroscience 34:14783-14792 (2014)
  • Verhagen L, Dijkerman HC, Medendorp WP, Toni I 
    Cortical dynamics of sensorimotor integration during grasp planning. 
    The Journal of Neuroscience 32:4508-4519 (2012)

Contact information

024-3610651
Postal address
Postbus 9101
6500HB NIJMEGEN