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Schilderij van de aardbeving in Lissabon 1755
Schilderij van de aardbeving in Lissabon 1755

New foundation under trust in a sustainable future

That humans have been risking their relationship with nature for decades is no longer news. Nor is the fact that natural values may finally lose out. In a new book, professor of philosophy Marjolein Oele takes a completely different line. Build on trust! With many other philosophers, including classical ones, Oele adds new meaning to our relationship, with each other and with nature.

There are plenty of reasons to lament, as Marjolein Oele, who was appointed professor of Philosophy of the Humanities almost two years ago, also knows. For this move, she gave up her job at the University of San Francisco, and her home in the nearby town of San Anselmo. Her new book Beyond Elemental Loss opens with a poignant passage about her family's flight due to a raging inferno and the associated disruptions - for example, school closures and power cuts. After staying with friends in San Francisco, she was able to return safely to her home. “Although my home was spared, I had lost my trust in the elements and in our relationship with them. I began to realise that loss of a home extended far beyond worries about your own house.”

The seed for her book had been sown. With the help of numerous classical and modern philosophers as well as myths, indigenous ways of thinking and anthropological and ecological research, Oele set out to reflect on the elements and to redefine the concept of ‘trust’. Unlike hope, which focuses on a near future and an often empty promise, trust is rooted in interconnectedness and in a past, inviting us to reflect on how previously wounded trust has been restored. “Trust can go very deep, never just disappears, and you need to take your time to restore and rediscover it. And then you can find a handle that facilitates a different future, a different way of relating to each other and to our environment.”

Marjolein Oele

Plagues and earthquakes

One of the classic philosophers that Oele highlights is Empedocles. Thanks to his medical background, this Greek philosopher was able to shed new light on a serious epidemic. He managed to identify the culprit, the surrounding marshes, after which a reclamation process eliminated the scourge. Whereas people were initially suspicious of the elements, trust was now restored. “Restored health went hand in hand with restored trust in the environment,” says Oele.

Oele's book is based on the four elements of water, fire, air and earth, with the caveat - also an insight from Empedocles - that all elements are interconnected. And that understanding that connection - including the connection with human actions - offers the prospect of a world after an apparently God-given disaster. An example from the Enlightenment is Kant's analysis of the devasting earthquake that caused death and destruction in Lisbon in 1755. Better understanding allows you to anticipate it better, Kant says, for example by thinking about the impact of building structures on the number of deaths.

Oele explains that an earthquake involves several elements - take a quake-induced tsunami - and is often more than just a natural disaster. “Climate change also affects the earth's vibrations, because of the pressure differences due to melting ice, for example.” The Groningen quakes also show the connection with human actions, says Oele.

Beyond loss

There was a reason for the book’s title, Beyond Elemental Loss. While many blame the disastrous and irreversible impact of humans on the climate or the loss of biodiversity, Oele considers scenarios beyond this loss. One of her sources of inspiration in her analysis about restored trust is economist and Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom, after whom one of the campus buildings is also named.

For Oele, Ostrom illustrates that the forces that surround us - whether they come from nature or from autocratic leaders - are not destiny. We can build communities together, in which participating parties create new rules for how we live and work - in balance with each other and nature. “If rules are then also introduced by which we can hold each other accountable for complying with the rules, you can again live in more balance with each other and nature, and overcome your loss in mutual trust.”

Marjolein Oele | Beyond Elemental Loss. Shifting constellations of water, fire, air, and earth | Suny Press, 2025 |

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Sustainability, Philosophy, History